# ls - 显示目录内容列表
ls命令 用来显示目标列表，在Linux中是使用率较高的命令。ls命令的输出信息可以进行彩色加亮显示，以分区不同类型的文件。
# 适用范围
RedHat
RHEL
Ubuntu
CentOS
Debian
Deepin
SUSE
openSUSE
Fedora
Linux Mint
Alpine Linux
Arch Linux
# 语法
ls [选项] [文件名...]
[-1abcdfgiklmnopqrstuxABCDFGLNQRSUX]
[-w cols]
[-T cols]
[-I pattern]
[--full-time]
[--format={long,verbose,commas,across,vertical,single-col‐umn}]
[--sort={none,time,size,extension}]
[--time={atime,access,use,ctime,status}]
[--color[={none,auto,always}]]
[--help]
[--version]
[--]
常用命令：
ls # 仅列出当前目录可见文件
ls -l # 列出当前目录可见文件详细信息
ls -hl # 列出详细信息并以可读大小显示文件大小
ls -al # 列出所有文件（包括隐藏）的详细信息
ls --human-readable --size -1 -S --classify # 按文件大小排序
du -sh * | sort -h # 按文件大小排序(同上)
# 选项
[sogrey@bogon 文档]$ ls --help
用法：ls [选项]... [文件]...
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all # 不隐藏任何以. 开始的项目
-A, --almost-all # 列出除. 及.. 以外的任何项目
--author # 与-l 同时使用时列出每个文件的作者
-b, --escape # 以八进制溢出序列表示不可打印的字符
--block-size=SIZE # scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
# '--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of
# 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups # do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c # with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
# modification of file status information);
# with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
# otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C # list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] # colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto',
# or 'always' (the default); more info below
-d, --directory # list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, --dired # generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-f # do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify # append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type # likewise, except do not append '*'
--format=WORD # across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
# single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time # like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g # 类似-l，但不列出所有者
--group-directories-first
# group directories before files;
# can be augmented with a --sort option, but any
# use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
-G, --no-group # 以一个长列表的形式，不输出组名
-h, --human-readable # 与-l 一起，以易于阅读的格式输出文件大小
# (例如 1K 234M 2G)
--si # 同上面类似，但是使用1000 为基底而非1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
# follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
# follow each command line symbolic link
# that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN # do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
# (overridden by -a or -A)
--indicator-style=WORD # append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
# none (default), slash (-p),
# file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode # print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN # do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k, --kibibytes # default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage
-l # 使用较长格式列出信息
-L, --dereference # 当显示符号链接的文件信息时，显示符号链接所指示
# 的对象而并非符号链接本身的信息
-m # 所有项目以逗号分隔，并填满整行行宽
-n, --numeric-uid-gid # 类似 -l，但列出UID 及GID 号
-N, --literal # 输出未经处理的项目名称 (如不特别处理控制字符)
-o # 类似 -l，但不列出有关组的信息
-p, --indicator-style=slash # 对目录加上表示符号"/"
-q, --hide-control-chars # print ? instead of nongraphic characters
--show-control-chars # show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,
# unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name # enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD # use quoting style WORD for entry names:
# literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-r, --reverse # 逆序排列
-R, --recursive # 递归显示子目录
-s, --size # 以块数形式显示每个文件分配的尺寸
-S # sort by file size
--sort=WORD # sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),
# time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)
--time=WORD # with -l, show time as WORD instead of default
# modification time: atime or access or use (-u)
# ctime or status (-c); also use specified time
# as sort key if --sort=time
--time-style=STYLE # with -l, show times using style STYLE:
# full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;
# FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT
# is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies
# to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
# if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE
# takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
-t # sort by modification time, newest first
-T, --tabsize=COLS # assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u # with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;
# with -l: show access time and sort by name;
# otherwise: sort by access time
-U # do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v # natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-w, --width=COLS # assume screen width instead of current value
-x # list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X # sort alphabetically by entry extension
-1 # list one file per line
SELinux options:
--lcontext # Display security context. Enable -l. Lines
# will probably be too wide for most displays.
-Z, --context # Display security context so it fits on most
# displays. Displays only mode, user, group,
# security context and file name.
--scontext # Display only security context and file name.
--help # 显示此帮助信息并退出
--version # 显示版本信息并退出
SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units
are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
使用色彩来区分文件类型的功能已被禁用，默认设置和 --color=never 同时禁用了它。
使用 --color=auto 选项，ls 只在标准输出被连至终端时才生成颜色代码。
LS_COLORS 环境变量可改变此设置，可使用 dircolors 命令来设置。
退出状态：
0 正常
1 一般问题 (例如：无法访问子文件夹)
2 严重问题 (例如：无法使用命令行参数)
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
请向<http://translationproject.org/team/zh_CN.html> 报告ls 的翻译错误
要获取完整文档，请运行：info coreutils 'ls invocation'
以上信息来自 CenrOS Linux 8
# 补充说明
在默认情况下，使用颜色来区分文件类型是禁用的，并且使用“--color=never“。只有当标准输出连接到终端时，ls才会发出颜色代码。LS_CONERS环境变量可以更改设置，使用dircolors命令来设置。
大小可以是KB，1000； K，1024,；MB，10001000；M，10241024
# 举例
[sogrey@bogon 文档]$ ls
ee.txt
[sogrey@bogon 文档]$ ls -lh ee.txt
-rw-------. 1 sogrey sogrey 12 1月 10 18:45 ee.txt
[sogrey@bogon 文档]$