mysqldump - 一个mysql客户端的备份程序

mysqldump是一个客户端的备份程序，他可以备份数据库，或者将数据库传输到另外一个服务器。

适用范围

RedHat

RHEL

Ubuntu

CentOS

Debian

Deepin

SUSE

openSUSE

Fedora

Linux Mint

Alpine Linux

Arch Linux

语法

mysqldump [options] [db_name [tbl_name ...]]

选项

-？, --help            # 显示帮助信息
--add-drop-database    # 在创建数据库之前，增加删除数据库语句
--add-drop-table       # 在创建表之前，增加删除表语句
--add-locks            # 在输出insert语句的时候增加锁表语句
-A, --all-database     # 备份所有数据库的所有表
--allow-keywords       # 允许列名使用关键字
--bind-address=ip      # 绑定ip
--character-set-dir    # 默认的字符集目录
-i, --comments         # 在备份的时候添加注释
-c, --complete-insert  # 使用完整的insert语句
-C, --compress         # 在服务器和客户端之间使用压缩语句
-B, --database         # 指定要备份的数据库
--dump-date            # 如果使用了—comments选项，那么就可以追加日期
-F, --flush-logs       # 刷新日志
--flush-privileges     # 刷新权限
-f, --force            # 强制执行
-ignore-table          # 备份的时候忽略表
--lock-all-tables| -x  # 备份的时候锁定所有的数据库
-l, --lock-tables      # 锁定指定的表
--log-error            # 错误日志
-t, --no-create-db     # 备份数据库的时候，不输出创建表语句
-d, --no-data          # 备份数据库的时候，只备份数据结构，不备份数据
-P, --port             # 指定端口
--protocol             # 指定协议
-q, --quick            # 静默模式
-v, --verbose          # 显示详细过程
-V, --version          # 显示版本信息
-u, --user             # 指定用户
-p, --password         # 指定密码

举例

备份指定的数据库中的指定表

[root@localhost ~]$ mysqldump -v -u root -p wordpress wp_links #默认情况下，备份内容到标准输出
Enter password:
-- Connecting to localhost...
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.1.71, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: wordpress
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.1.71 

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
-- Retrieving table structure for table wp_links...

--
-- Table structure for table `wp_links`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_links`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `wp_links` (
  `link_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `link_url` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_image` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_target` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_description` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_visible` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Y',
  `link_owner` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
  `link_rating` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `link_updated` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  `link_rel` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_notes` mediumtext COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `link_rss` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`link_id`),
  KEY `link_visible` (`link_visible`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
-- Sending SELECT query... 

--
-- Dumping data for table `wp_links`
-- 

-- Retrieving rows...
LOCK TABLES `wp_links` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `wp_links` DISABLE KEYS */;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `wp_links` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
-- Disconnecting from localhost...
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
 

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; 

-- Dump completed on 2018-10-05 20:34:17
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
 

查看活动线程

[root@localhost ~]$ mysqldump -v -u root -p wordpress wp_links > sql.bak #使用重定向功能，备份到sql.bak
Enter password:
-- Connecting to localhost...
-- Retrieving table structure for table wp_links...
-- Sending SELECT query...
-- Retrieving rows...
-- Disconnecting from localhost...
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@localhost ~]$ cat sql.bak   #查看备份内容
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.1.71, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: wordpress
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.1.71 

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; 

--
-- Table structure for table `wp_links`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_links`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `wp_links` (
  `link_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `link_url` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_image` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_target` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_description` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_visible` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Y',
  `link_owner` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
  `link_rating` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `link_updated` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  `link_rel` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `link_notes` mediumtext COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `link_rss` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`link_id`),
  KEY `link_visible` (`link_visible`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; 

--
-- Dumping data for table `wp_links`
--

LOCK TABLES `wp_links` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `wp_links` DISABLE KEYS */;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `wp_links` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; 

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2018-10-05 20:36:27